Ask Proctor: Defoamer
We regularly get questions from maple producers about which defoamers are the best to use. Of course, the answer is…it depends.
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Assessing Strategies for Spout and Drop Sanitation in 5/16″ Tubing: Sap Yield, Cost, and Net Profit
The University of Vermont Proctor Maple Research Center and the Cornell Maple Program Arnot Forest conducted a multi-year study examining several common sanitation strategies and assessing the effects on sap yield, attendant costs, and resulting net profits. The following graphs briefly summarize the results of this work.
Assessment of the Flavor of Syrup Produced with High-Brix RO Systems
Concentrating sap with reverse osmosis (RO) substantially increases the efficiency and profitability of processing maple sap into syrup by reducing the amount of fuel and time required to complete concentration to syrup density in the evaporator, with gains proportional to the level of sap pre-concentration. Because most flavor development in maple syrup occurs through nonenzymatic browning reactions as sap is processed with heat in the evaporator, it has often been speculated that reduced evaporator processing time resulting from the use of RO might also result in perceptible impacts on syrup flavor. However, a series of controlled experiments conducted at the University of Vermont Proctor Maple Research Center using the same sap processed to different levels with RO determined that concentrating sap up to 21.5% prior to boiling in standard maple evaporators had no substantive effects on syrup composition or flavor.
Blending Syrup Part I: Blending Off-Density Syrup with Other Syrup to Adjust the Density – Determining How Much I Need
This article demonstrates how to use alligation to determine weights or volumes to mix when combining two syrups to obtain a blend with the desired density.
Blending Syrup Part II: Blending Heavy Syrup with Water or Sap to Lower Its Density – Determining How Much I Need
This article will demonstrate how to determine the amount of sap or water to add to heavy syrup to reduce its density to the desired level.
Boiling Clean With Air
I have been using the bubbler now for six years. I have found that the bubbler allows me to boil as hard as I want without using any defoamer. Pumping natural clean air into the pans is better than adding defoamer of any kind to make a good tasting and pure product.
Changes In Sap Yields From Tubing Systems Under Vacuum Due To System Aging
This research was designed to examine age-related losses in sap yield in tubing systems operated under vacuum, and to explore different strategies to reduce tubing microbial contamination induced sap yield losses.
Chemical and microbial characterization of ropy maple sap and syrup
Ropiness of maple syrup is a phenomenon that can occur several times in the season. The alteration known as ÒropinessÓ is characterized by a viscous, thick, slimy/jelly-like texture which, although not noticeably altering the taste, renders the product unpleasant in terms of mouthfeel. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic impact of production of ropy maple syrup in the region of Quebec, to more deeply identify and characterize bacteria associated to this type of quality defect, and to study the composition of Polysaccharides found in stringy maple syrup.
Chemical composition of five standard grades of pure maple syrup
The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the five maple syrup grades, including their pH, conductivity, mineral and carbohydrate contents. In general, quantification of the range of chemical composition for each standard maple syrup grade will strengthen the existing knowledge of maple syrup chemistry.
Chemical Composition of Scale in Maple Syrup Evaporators
The goal of this work was to investigate the chemical composition of the scale that is deposited on maple evaporator surfaces during sap processing. Knowing the chemical composition of scale produced in modern equipment and how it compares to previously published values for loose sugar sand may aid in understanding how best to remove these unwanted deposits.